傳感器(qi)和變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)在儀(yi)器(qi)、儀(yi)表(biao)和工(gong)業自動化領(ling)域中起著*的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。與傳感器(qi)不同，變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)除了(le)(le)能(neng)將非電(dian)量(liang)轉換成可測量(liang)的電(dian)量(liang)外，一般還具(ju)有一定的放大(da)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。本文簡單(dan)地(di)介紹了(le)(le)各類(lei)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)的特(te)點，以供(gong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)者選用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

一、一體化溫度變(bian)送(song)器

一(yi)體(ti)化溫度變(bian)(bian)送器(qi)一(yi)般由測溫探(tan)頭（熱電(dian)(dian)偶或熱電(dian)(dian)阻傳感器(qi)）和兩(liang)線制固(gu)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)子單元(yuan)組成。采用固(gu)體(ti)模塊(kuai)形式將測溫探(tan)頭直(zhi)接安裝(zhuang)在接線盒內，從而形成一(yi)體(ti)化的(de)變(bian)(bian)送器(qi)。一(yi)體(ti)化溫度變(bian)(bian)送器(qi)一(yi)般分為(wei)熱電(dian)(dian)阻和熱電(dian)(dian)偶型(xing)兩(liang)種類(lei)型(xing)。

熱電(dian)阻溫度變送(song)器是由基準單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、R/V轉(zhuan)換(huan)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、線(xian)性電(dian)路、反接保護、限流保護、V/I轉(zhuan)換(huan)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等組成(cheng)。測(ce)溫熱電(dian)阻信(xin)號轉(zhuan)換(huan)放大后，再由線(xian)性電(dian)路對溫度與電(dian)阻的非(fei)線(xian)性關(guan)系進行(xing)補償，經V/I轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)路后輸出一(yi)個與被測(ce)溫度成(cheng)線(xian)性關(guan)系的4～20mA的恒流信(xin)號。

熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶(ou)(ou)溫度變送(song)器一般由(you)基準源(yuan)、冷端補償(chang)(chang)、放(fang)大(da)單元(yuan)(yuan)、線性(xing)化處理、V/I轉換(huan)(huan)、斷(duan)偶(ou)(ou)處理、反接保(bao)護、限(xian)流保(bao)護等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路單元(yuan)(yuan)組成。它是將熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶(ou)(ou)產生(sheng)的熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢經冷端補償(chang)(chang)放(fang)大(da)后，再帽(mao)由(you)線性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路消除(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢與溫度的非線性(xing)誤差，zui后放(fang)大(da)轉換(huan)(huan)為(wei)4～20mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流輸出(chu)信號(hao)。為(wei)防止熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶(ou)(ou)測量(liang)中(zhong)由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶(ou)(ou)斷(duan)絲而使控溫失(shi)效造成事(shi)故，變送(song)器中(zhong)還(huan)設有斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶(ou)(ou)斷(duan)絲或接解不(bu)良時，變送(song)器會輸出(chu)zui大(da)值（28mA）以(yi)使儀(yi)表切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

一體(ti)化溫(wen)度變送器(qi)具有結構簡(jian)單、節省引線(xian)、輸出信號大、抗干擾能力強、線(xian)性好、顯示儀(yi)表簡(jian)單、固體(ti)模塊(kuai)抗震防潮、有反接(jie)保護(hu)和(he)限流(liu)保護(hu)、工作可靠等優點(dian)。

一體化(hua)溫度變送器的輸出(chu)為統(tong)(tong)一的4～20mA信(xin)號(hao)；可(ke)與微機系統(tong)(tong)或(huo)其它常規儀表匹配(pei)使(shi)用(yong)。也可(ke)用(yong)戶要求做成(cheng)防爆型(xing)或(huo)防火型(xing)測量儀表。

二、壓力變送器

壓(ya)(ya)力變送器(qi)也稱差(cha)變送器(qi)，主要由測壓(ya)(ya)元件(jian)傳感器(qi)、模塊(kuai)電(dian)路、顯示表(biao)(biao)頭、表(biao)(biao)殼和(he)過程連(lian)接(jie)件(jian)等(deng)組成。它能將接(jie)收的(de)氣體、液(ye)體等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)力信號(hao)轉變成標準的(de)電(dian)流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號(hao)，以供給指示報警(jing)儀(yi)、記錄(lu)儀(yi)、調節器(qi)等(deng)二次儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)進行測量、指示和(he)過程調節。

壓(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)器的(de)(de)測量原(yuan)理圖(tu)如圖(tu)3所示(shi)。其測量原(yuan)理是：流(liu)程壓(ya)力和參考壓(ya)力分別作用于(yu)集成(cheng)硅壓(ya)力敏(min)感元(yuan)件的(de)(de)兩(liang)端，其差壓(ya)使硅片變(bian)形(xing)（位移很小(xiao)，僅μm級(ji)），以使硅片上用半導體技術(shu)制成(cheng)的(de)(de)全動態惠斯(si)登(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋在外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)源驅動下輸出正比于(yu)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)mV級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。由于(yu)硅材料的(de)(de)強性，所以輸出信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)線性度(du)及變(bian)差指(zhi)標均很高。工(gong)作時，壓(ya)力變(bian)送(song)(song)器將被測物理量轉換成(cheng)mV級(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)，并送(song)(song)往放大(da)倍數很高而又可以互(hu)相(xiang)抵消溫度(du)漂(piao)移的(de)(de)差動式放大(da)器。放大(da)后的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)轉換變(bian)換成(cheng)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)信(xin)號(hao)，再經過(guo)非線性校(xiao)正，zui后產(chan)生與輸入壓(ya)力成(cheng)線性對應(ying)關系的(de)(de)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。

壓力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)根(gen)據測壓范(fan)圍可分成一般(ban)壓力變(bian)送(song)器(qi)（0.001MPa～20MP3）和微差(cha)壓變(bian)送(song)器(qi)（0～30kPa）兩種。

三、液位變送器

1、浮球式液(ye)位變送器

浮球式(shi)液位(wei)變送器由磁性浮球、測(ce)量導管、信號單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、電子單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、接線盒(he)及安裝件組成。

一般磁性浮球的比(bi)重小于(yu)0.5，可漂(piao)于(yu)液(ye)面之(zhi)上并(bing)沿測量導(dao)管(guan)上下移動。導(dao)管(guan)內(nei)裝有測量元件，它(ta)可以(yi)在外磁作用(yong)下將被(bei)測液(ye)位信號轉換(huan)成正比(bi)于(yu)液(ye)位變(bian)化的電(dian)阻信號，并(bing)將電(dian)子單元轉換(huan)成4～20mA或(huo)其(qi)它(ta)標(biao)準(zhun)信號輸(shu)出。該變(bian)送器為模塊電(dian)路，具有耐酸、防潮、防震、防腐蝕等優點(dian)，電(dian)路內(nei)部含(han)有恒流(liu)反饋電(dian)路和內(nei)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路，可使輸(shu)出zui大電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)超(chao)過28mA，因而能夠(gou)可靠地保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)源并(bing)使二次(ci)儀表(biao)不(bu)被(bei)損(sun)壞(huai)。

2、浮簡式液(ye)位變送(song)器

浮(fu)筒(tong)式(shi)液位變(bian)送器是將磁性浮(fu)球改為浮(fu)筒(tong)，它是根據阿基米德浮(fu)力原理設計的。浮(fu)筒(tong)式(shi)液位變(bian)送器是利用(yong)微小的金屬膜應變(bian)傳感(gan)技術來測量液體的液位、界位或(huo)密度的。它在工作時可以(yi)通過現場按鍵來進行常規的設定操作。

3、靜(jing)壓(ya)或液位(wei)變(bian)送器

該變送器利用(yong)(yong)液體靜壓(ya)力(li)(li)的測(ce)量原理(li)工(gong)作。它(ta)一(yi)般選用(yong)(yong)硅壓(ya)力(li)(li)測(ce)壓(ya)傳感器將(jiang)測(ce)量到(dao)的壓(ya)力(li)(li)轉(zhuan)換成電信號，再經放大(da)電路放大(da)和補償(chang)電路補償(chang)，zui后以4～20mA或0～10mA電流方式輸(shu)出(chu)。

四(si)、電容式物位變(bian)送器

電容式物位(wei)變(bian)送器(qi)適用(yong)于工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)在生產(chan)過(guo)程中進行測量和(he)控制生產(chan)過(guo)程，主要用(yong)作(zuo)類導(dao)電與非導(dao)電介質的(de)液體液位(wei)或(huo)粉粒狀固體料(liao)位(wei)的(de)遠距離(li)連(lian)續(xu)測量和(he)指(zhi)示。

電(dian)(dian)容式(shi)(shi)液位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)送器由電(dian)(dian)容式(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器與(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)模塊電(dian)(dian)路組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，它(ta)以(yi)兩(liang)線(xian)制4～20mA恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出為(wei)基(ji)型，經過轉(zhuan)換，可以(yi)用三線(xian)或四線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出，輸(shu)出信號(hao)形成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)1～5V、0～5V、0～10mA等標準信號(hao)。電(dian)(dian)容傳(chuan)感(gan)器由絕緣電(dian)(dian)極和(he)裝有測量(liang)介質的圓柱形金屬容器組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。當料位(wei)上升(sheng)時，因(yin)非導電(dian)(dian)物料的介電(dian)(dian)常(chang)數(shu)(shu)明顯小于空氣的介電(dian)(dian)常(chang)數(shu)(shu)，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)隨著物料高度(du)的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)送器的模塊電(dian)(dian)路由基(ji)準源、脈寬調制、轉(zhuan)換、恒流放大、反饋和(he)限(xian)流等單元(yuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。采(cai)用脈寬調特原理進行測量(liang)的優點是頻率較低(di)，對周圍元(yuan)射頻干擾、穩定(ding)性好、線(xian)性好、無明顯溫度(du)漂移等。

五、超聲波變送器

超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)分(fen)為一(yi)般超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)（無表頭(tou)）和一(yi)體化超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)兩類，一(yi)體化超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)較為常用。

一體化超(chao)聲波(bo)變更(geng)新器(qi)由表頭(tou)(tou)（如(ru)LCD顯示器(qi)）和探頭(tou)(tou)兩部分(fen)組(zu)成，這種直(zhi)接輸出4～20mA信號的變送器(qi)是將小型(xing)化的敏感元件（探頭(tou)(tou)）和電子電路(lu)組(zu)裝在一起(qi)，從(cong)而(er)使體積更(geng)小、重量(liang)更(geng)輕、價格更(geng)便(bian)宜。超(chao)聲波(bo)變送器(qi)可用(yong)于(yu)液位。物位的測量(liang)和開渠(qu)、明(ming)渠(qu)等流量(liang)測量(liang)，并可用(yong)于(yu)測量(liang)距離(li)。

六(liu)、銻電極酸度(du)變送器

銻(ti)電(dian)極酸(suan)度變(bian)送器(qi)是集PH檢測、自動清洗、電(dian)信(xin)號轉換為一(yi)體的(de)工(gong)業在(zai)線分析儀(yi)表(biao)，它是由銻(ti)電(dian)極與參考(kao)電(dian)極組成的(de)PH值測量系(xi)統。在(zai)被測酸(suan)性溶液中，由于銻(ti)電(dian)極表(biao)面(mian)會(hui)生成三氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化二銻(ti)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化層，這(zhe)樣(yang)在(zai)金屬銻(ti)面(mian)與三氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化二銻(ti)之間會(hui)形成電(dian)位差(cha)。該電(dian)位差(cha)的(de)大(da)小取決于三所氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化二銻(ti)的(de)濃度，該濃度與被測酸(suan)性溶液中氫離子的(de)適度相對(dui)應。如果把銻(ti)、三氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化二銻(ti)和(he)水溶液的(de)適度都當作1，其(qi)電(dian)極電(dian)位就可用能(neng)斯特公式計算(suan)出來。

銻電(dian)(dian)極酸(suan)度(du)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器中的(de)固體模(mo)塊電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)由兩(liang)大(da)部分組成。為了現(xian)場作用(yong)的(de)安全起見，電(dian)(dian)源部分采用(yong)交流(liu)(liu)24V為二(er)次儀表(biao)供電(dian)(dian)。這一電(dian)(dian)源除(chu)為清洗電(dian)(dian)機提供驅動電(dian)(dian)源外，還應通過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)換(huan)單元轉(zhuan)換(huan)成相應的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓，以供變(bian)(bian)送(song)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)使用(yong)。第二(er)部分是測(ce)量變(bian)(bian)送(song)器電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，它把來自傳感器的(de)基準信(xin)(xin)號和(he)(he)PH酸(suan)度(du)信(xin)(xin)號經放(fang)大(da)后送(song)給(gei)斜率調(diao)整(zheng)和(he)(he)定位調(diao)整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，以使信(xin)(xin)號內阻降低并可調(diao)節。將放(fang)大(da)后的(de)PH信(xin)(xin)號與溫度(du)被償 信(xin)(xin)號進行迭加后再差進轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，zui后輸出與PH值(zhi)相對應的(de)4～20mA恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)信(xin)(xin)號給(gei)二(er)次儀表(biao)以完成顯示并控制PH值(zhi)。

七、酸、堿、鹽濃(nong)度變(bian)送器

酸、堿(jian)、鹽濃(nong)度(du)(du)變送(song)器(qi)通過(guo)測量溶液電導值(zhi)來確定濃(nong)度(du)(du)。它可以(yi)在線連續檢測工(gong)(gong)業過(guo)程中(zhong)酸、堿(jian)、鹽在水溶液中(zhong)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)含(han)量。這種變送(song)器(qi)主要應用于鍋爐給水處理、化工(gong)(gong)溶液的(de)(de)配制以(yi)及環(huan)保等工(gong)(gong)業生產過(guo)程。

酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、堿、鹽(yan)(yan)濃度(du)變送(song)器的(de)(de)工作原理是：在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)范圍內，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)堿溶液(ye)的(de)(de)濃度(du)與其(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)導率的(de)(de)大小(xiao)成比(bi)例。因(yin)而，只要測出溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)導率的(de)(de)大小(xiao)變可(ke)得(de)知酸(suan)(suan)(suan)堿濃度(du)的(de)(de)高(gao)低。當被測溶液(ye)流入電(dian)(dian)導池(chi)時(shi)，如果忽(hu)略電(dian)(dian)極(ji)極(ji)化和分布電(dian)(dian)容，則可(ke)以等效為一(yi)個純電(dian)(dian)阻。在(zai)有恒壓交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)，其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流與電(dian)(dian)導率成線(xian)性關系(xi)，而電(dian)(dian)導率又(you)與溶液(ye)中酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、堿濃度(du)成比(bi)例關系(xi)。因(yin)此(ci)只要測出溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)流，便(bian)可(ke)算出酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、堿、鹽(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)濃度(du)。

酸、堿、鹽濃度變(bian)送器主(zhu)要由電(dian)導(dao)池(chi)、電(dian)子模(mo)塊、顯示表頭(tou)和殼體組成(cheng)。電(dian)子模(mo)塊電(dian)路則由激勵電(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)導(dao)池(chi)、電(dian)導(dao)放大器、相(xiang)敏整流器、解調器、溫度補償、過載保(bao)護(hu)和電(dian)流轉換等單元(yuan)組成(cheng)。

八、電導變送器

它是通(tong)過(guo)(guo)測量溶液的(de)(de)電導(dao)值來間接測量離(li)子(zi)濃度的(de)(de)流程(cheng)儀(yi)表（一體(ti)化變送器），可在線連續檢測工業過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中水溶液的(de)(de)電導(dao)率。

由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)一樣(yang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)良導(dao)(dao)體(ti)，因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)時必有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作用(yong)，且符合歐姆(mu)定律。但液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度特性與(yu)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)相(xiang)反(fan)，具(ju)有負向溫(wen)(wen)度特性。為區(qu)別于金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)倒數(shu)）或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)率的(de)(de)倒數(shu)）來(lai)表示。當兩個互(hu)相(xiang)絕緣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)組成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)池時，若在其(qi)中間(jian)放置待(dai)(dai)測(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)，并(bing)通(tong)以恒(heng)壓(ya)交(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，就(jiu)形成(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)回路。如果將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)尺(chi)寸固(gu)定，則回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率就(jiu)存在一定的(de)(de)函(han)數(shu)關系。這(zhe)樣(yang)，測(ce)(ce)了待(dai)(dai)測(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)中流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，就(jiu)能(neng)測(ce)(ce)出待(dai)(dai)測(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率。

電導變(bian)送器的結構和電路與酸、堿、鹽濃度變(bian)送器相同(tong)。

九、智能變送器

智能式變送(song)器(qi)是(shi)由傳感器(qi)和(he)微(wei)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)器(qi)（微(wei)機）相(xiang)結(jie)構而成的。它充分利(li)用了(le)微(wei)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)器(qi)的運算和(he)存儲能力，可對傳感器(qi)的數(shu)據進行(xing)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)，包(bao)括對測量信號的調理(li)(li)（如濾波、放大、A/D轉換等(deng)）、數(shu)據顯示、自動(dong)校正和(he)自動(dong)補償等(deng)。

微處(chu)理器(qi)(qi)是智能(neng)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)的核心。它(ta)不但可以(yi)對測(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據進行(xing)(xing)計算、存儲和數(shu)據處(chu)理，還(huan)可以(yi)通(tong)過反饋回(hui)路(lu)對傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)進行(xing)(xing)調(diao)節，以(yi)使采集數(shu)據達(da)到*。由于微處(chu)理器(qi)(qi)具有(you)各種軟件和硬件功能(neng)，因而它(ta)可以(yi)完成傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)難以(yi)完成的任(ren)務。所以(yi)智能(neng)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)降(jiang)低了傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的制造難度，并在很大程主(zhu)上提高了傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的性能(neng)。另外，智能(neng)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)具有(you)以(yi)下(xia)特點：

具有自動補(bu)償能力，可通(tong)過軟件對傳感器的(de)非線(xian)性、溫漂、時漂等進行自動補(bu)償。

可自診斷，通電后可對傳(chuan)(chuan)感器進行(xing)自檢，以檢查傳(chuan)(chuan)感器各(ge)部(bu)分是(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常，并作出判斷。

數(shu)據處理(li)方(fang)便準確，可根據內部程序自(zi)動(dong)處理(li)數(shu)據，如(ru)進行統計處理(li)、去除異(yi)常數(shu)值等。

具有雙向通信功能。微處理器(qi)不但可以接收和處理傳感器(qi)數據，還可將信息反饋至傳感器(qi)，從(cong)而對測(ce)量過程進行調節和控制。

可進行信息(xi)存(cun)儲和(he)記憶，能存(cun)儲傳感(gan)器的特(te)征數據、組(zu)態信息(xi)和(he)補償特(te)性(xing)等。

具(ju)有數(shu)字量接(jie)口輸出功能，可將(jiang)輸出的數(shu)字信號(hao)方便地和計算機或現場總線等連接(jie)。

；景向前